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- Functional gastroduodenal disorders
- General approach to gastroduodenal disorders
- Functional dyspepsia
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Functional gastroduodenal disorders / General approach to functional gastroduodenal disorders
General approach to functional gastroduodenal disorders
Based on recent evidence and clinical experience, a subgroup classification is proposed for postprandial distress syndrome (early satiation or postprandial fullness) and epigastric pain syndrome (pain or burning in the epigastrium(1).).
Belching disorders, comprises Belching disorders (troublesome repetitive belching with observed excessive air swallowing) and unspecified belching (no evidence of excessive air swallowing). Nausea and vomiting disorders comprises chronic idiopathic nausea (that is, frequent bothersome nausea without vomiting), functional vomiting (that includes recurrent vomiting in the absence of self-induced vomiting, or underlying eating disorders, metabolic disorders, drug intake, or psychiatric or central nervous system disorders), and cyclic vomiting syndrome (stereotypical episodes of vomiting with vomiting-free intervals)(1).
One of the major changes in the Rome III criteria is that now rumination syndrome is one of the functional gastroduodenal disorders. It is a disorder characterized by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth followed by rechewing and reswallowing or expulsion(1).
The epidemiology and characteristics of all these disorders will need to be studied carefully. There is a great need for validated noninvasive diagnostic methods to help the clinician evaluate the etiology of symptoms and to target appropriate treatment.
In the new Rome III criteria, functional gastroduodenal disorders include four categories of chronic symptoms and entities that an important number of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders present, and that can be attributed to the gastroduodenal region(1).
| Categories of functional gastroduodenal disorders can be distinguished based on the expert opinion from an international panel of clinical investigators who reviewed the currently available evidence(1): | |
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Functional dyspepsia, including the postprandial distress syndrome and the epigastric pain syndrome. |
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Belching disorders, that is, Belching disorders and unspecified excessive belching. |
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Nausea and vomiting disorders: chronic idiopathic nausea, functional vomiting, and cyclic vomiting syndrome. |
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Rumination syndrome in adults |
Functional dyspepsia is defined as the presence of 1 or more dyspepsia symptoms that are considered to originate from the gastroduodenal region, in the absence of any organic, systemic, or metabolic disease that is likely to explain the symptoms(1). Symptoms include specifically epigastric pain and/or burning, bothersome postprandial fullness, or early satiation.
